First, domestic accidents
Petrochemical industry
The "12•8" hydrogen sulfide poisoning accident of Lanzhou Refinery and Chemical Plant in Gansu Province
On December 8, 1992, a engineering team in Gansu Province was carrying out manual excavation work in the main trunk of a sulfur-containing sewage pipe south of the catalytic cracking unit of Lanzhou Oil Refining and Chemical Complex, and an accident of poisoning and suffocation occurred, causing 6 deaths。The direct cause of the accident was that the construction team violated the relevant provisions of the management of the plant's water well, in order to draw water and drainage convenience, the cover of the water well was opened, and a "V" shaped gap about 1m long was opened in the northwest direction of the well。Due to the uneven discharge of sulfur-containing sewage, the hydrogen sulfide deposition from the "V" shaped gap spread to the construction personnel, resulting in poisoning accidents。
Petrochina Lanzhou Petrochemical Company "12•11" water tank flash accident
On December 11, 2006, a flash accident occurred during the welding of the top of the atmospheric pressure condensate storage tank (TK-1808) in the auxiliary plant of petrochina Lanzhou Petrochemical Company, resulting in 3 deaths。The direct cause of the accident was that n-butane, a combustible gas from the feed heat exchanger of the debutane tower, was inserted into the condensing water tank TK-1808, which formed an explosive mixture of gas in the upper gas phase space of the tank。
Coal chemical industry
Henan Energy and chemical Group Luoyang Yonglong chemical company "12•8" poisoning accident
On December 8, 2018, a methyl nitrite poisoning accident occurred at the ethylene glycol plant of Yonglong Chemical Company in Luoyang, Henan Province, resulting in three deaths and one injury。After preliminary investigation, the direct cause of the accident was that methyl nitrite leaked from the bursting disc and safety valve of the preparation device, and sank from the three-layer platform where the device was located to the batching personnel of the second-layer platform along the pores, causing personnel poisoning。
Xinjiang Turpan City Tokesun chemical Co., Ltd. "12·25" flash accident
On December 25, 2018, a flash accident occurred in the rotary lime kiln device of Toxon Chemical Co., LTD., resulting in 7 deaths, 14 injuries and a direct economic loss of 21.98 million yuan。The direct cause of the accident: gas and air had been passed into the rotary lime kiln before ignition, and mixed explosive gas was formed in the whole rotary kiln system space from the kiln head to the dust collector. When the torch was sent into the kiln near the burner, it exploded quickly。
Fine chemicals
Zhangjiakou resin factory "12•1" vinyl chloride leakage explosion accident
On December 1, 1991, an explosion occurred in the polymerization section of polyvinyl chloride resin workshop of Zhangjiakou Resin Factory in Hebei Province, killing 5 people and injuring 8 others。The direct cause of the accident is that the steel used to make flanges is not qualified, the connection flange of the monomer high tank to the polymerization tank is cracked along the circumference, and a large number of vinyl chloride monomer leaks and explodes。In addition, the polymerization plant is a brick structure rather than an explosion-proof plant, which does not meet the safety requirements of production, resulting in the expansion of accidents。
Huainan City, Anhui province super chemical company "12•8" explosion accident
On December 8, 2008, an explosion occurred at a plant producing dimethylpyrrolidone at Huainan Super Chemical Co., LTD., killing three people and slightly injuring two others。The direct cause of the accident: the company's production of dimethylpyrrolidone equipment in the maintenance process, due to improper operation, resulting in thermal oil leakage and high temperature explosion。
Ningxia Baofeng Energy Group Company "12•17" hydrogen sulfide poisoning accident
On December 17, 2011, a hydrogen sulfide poisoning accident occurred in the benzene hydrogenation unit of Ningxia Baofeng Energy Group Co., LTD., resulting in 3 deaths and 9 injuries。The direct cause of the accident is that a benzene hydrogenation employee found leakage of the shaft seal of the pump of the non-aromatic underground waste liquid tank during inspection. After notifying the site chief operator and inspecting the leakage site, he accidentally fell into the pit outside the tank and fell unconscious, and then many people blindly rescued and poisoned one after another。
Jiangsu Rugao Zhongchang Chemical Co., Ltd. "12•18" poisoning accident
On December 18, 2018, a poisoning accident occurred in the distillation synthesis workshop of Rugao Zhongchang Chemical Co., Ltd. in the Chemical industry park of Changjiang Town, Rugao City, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, resulting in the death of three employees。The direct cause of the accident was: the shell of the liquid nitrogen-hydrofluoric acid heat exchanger was subjected to rapid cooling and sudden cooling of liquid nitrogen, and the powder burst under the action of pressure, and hydrofluoric acid leakage, resulting in the poisoning of the operator and death。
Henan Gongyi City five fa auxiliary factory "12•24" explosion accident
On December 24, 2011, a paraffin raw material storage tank exploded at Gongyi Wufa Auxiliary Plant in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, killing three people and injuring one。The direct cause of the accident is: the aging and falling off of the plastic feed pipe, resulting in a large amount of liquid paraffin in the pipe, burning and exploding after encountering the open fire of the boiler。
Chunjiang Company "12•26" explosion accident in Changzhou City, Jiangsu province
On December 26, 2004, a reactor in the production workshop of Chunjiang Company in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province suddenly exploded during a chemical test, killing three people。The direct cause of the accident is that the test personnel and operators of the factory did not grasp the production process and the corresponding emergency treatment plan，Act blindly and recklessly，Self-determined operating parameters and operating conditions for pilot production，The gas phase material and volume in the kettle are unstable，A large amount of gas is rapidly discharged from the gas phase pipe，Acceleration of gas flow，It creates a spark of static electricity and triggers an explosion。
Organic chemical industry
Guizhou Organic Chemical Plant Research Institute "12•2" explosion accident
On December 2, 1992, when the test workshop of Guizhou Organic Chemical Plant Research Institute was developing floor glue, the reaction was out of control due to the pilot test temperature increase, resulting in an explosion, killing 4 people and injuring many others。The direct cause of the accident is: in the operation process, due to the non-heating and feeding according to the rules, the system temperature and pressure rise sharply and the reaction is out of control, causing the combustible material in the kettle to burst out of the manhole cover, and the manhole cover produces sparks during the flight impact process, causing the explosive mixture to explode in space。
Jiangsu Lianyungang Juxin biological company "12•9" major explosion accident
On December 9, 2017, an explosion occurred at a dichlorobenzene (dichlorobenzene) production plant of Juxin Biological Company in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, resulting in the collapse of the fourth workshop and the adjacent sixth workshop, resulting in 10 deaths and one minor injury。The direct cause of the accident is that nitrogen oxides (including sulfuric acid) from the tail gas treatment system are strung into the thermal kettle，Chemical reaction occurs with the material in the kettle，Continue to heat up，And release nitrogen oxide gas，When using compressed air，High temperature material in contact with air，Intensification of reaction，Emergency pressure relief，Burning with electrostatic spark，Pressure rises in the tank，Mass ejection，Form an explosive mixture with the air outside the kettle，An explosion occurred in contact with a fire source。
Shandong Rike Chemical Co., LTD. "December 19" large fire accident
On December 19, 2017, a fire accident occurred in the low-temperature plasma environmental protection odor removal equipment of the drying workshop of Shandong Rike Chemical Co., LTD., resulting in 7 deaths and 4 injuries。The direct cause of the accident is the manual ignition of the gas hot blast stove that has not passed the acceptance in the drying workshop (interlock is not put into use).，Natural gas is strung into the drying system through the gas hot blast stove，Form an explosive mixture with the air in the system，Deflagration occurs when an electric spark is encountered，And ignite other combustible materials，Fire accident。
Inorganic chemical industry
Inner Mongolia Alxa League Jilantai chlor-alkali chemical Company "12•2" explosion accident
On December 2, 2010, a vinyl chloride explosion occurred at Jilantai Chlor-alkali Chemical Co., Ltd. in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia, killing three people and injuring one。The direct cause of the accident is that when dealing with the leakage point of the converter, the water refill valve, bypass valve, relief valve, and steam return valve are mistakenly closed, resulting in the reaction heat of the mixed gas reaction of hydrogen chloride and acetylene to generate vinyl chloride can not be removed in time, and finally lead to the hot water in the converter to vaporize overpressure and explode。
Hebei Cangzhou chemical plant "12•12" chlorine gas poisoning accident
On December 12, 1990, a chlorine gas leakage accident occurred in Cangzhou Chemical plant in Hebei Province, causing more than 800 people outside the plant to inhale chlorine gas, of which 147 people sought treatment in hospital and 19 people were hospitalized。The direct cause of the accident: When opening the valve directly leading to the tail gas system, the opening speed is too fast, so that the high pressure chlorine gas suddenly enters the exhaust pipe that is almost normal pressure, and the plastic pipe is damaged, resulting in chlorine gas leakage。
Shandong Province Linyi City Lanshan District Kyushu chemical plant "12•29" explosion accident
On December 29, 2013, the Jiuzhou Chemical Plant in Lanshan District, Linyi City, Shandong Province, exploded in a hydrogen peroxide tank tank truck during the unloading of multiple hydrogen peroxide packaging drums, resulting in three deaths and a direct economic loss of more than 2 million yuan。The direct cause of the accident was the illegal use of hydrogen peroxide in a plastic bucket containing hydrochloric acid, and the remaining Fe3+ and other metal impurities in the bucket caused the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide leading to an overpressure explosion。
化肥
Furuide Chemical Company in Xishui County, Hubei province "12•13" explosion accident
On December 13, 2004, a fire and explosion occurred in Furuide Chemical Co., LTD., Xishui County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province, resulting in 3 deaths and 2 injuries。The accident was caused by the leakage of the pipeline from the converter outlet to the heat exchanger in the converter section of the company's urea division, which caused a fire and explosion。
Gansu Province Xinchuan fertilizer company "12•20" poisoning asphyxiation accident
December 20, 2010, Gansu Province Xinchuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd. gas poisoning suffocation accident, resulting in five deaths and two injuries。The immediate cause of the accident was an electrical failure that caused exhaust gas from the Mannheim reactor to accumulate in a large amount in the crusher pit, resulting in the poisoning and suffocation of personnel who were being repaired and subsequent rescue workers。
Chemical pharmaceutical
Kunming new biopharmaceutical company "12•30" explosion accident
On December 30, 2010, an explosion occurred in the tablet workshop of Kunming Xinxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. in Kunming, Yunnan province, killing five people and injuring eight others。At the time of the incident, the maintenance personnel replaced the filter for the air conditioner and stopped the air conditioning work after the power failure. The purified air could not enter the clean area. At the same time, the circulating hot air flow in the oven vaporized the water and ethanol in the particles, and the ethanol gas accumulated in the oven reached the explosion limit。The operator generates electrical sparks during the operation of the oven supply fan or axial flow fan during the oven baking process, and detonates the explosive mixture of ethanol accumulated in the oven。
其他
Jiangxi Jiang Lithium Technology Co., LTD. "12•3" poisoning asphyxiation accident
On December 3, 2009, a poisoning and suffocation accident occurred at the second branch plant of Jiangli Technology Co., Ltd. in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, resulting in three deaths and two injuries。The direct cause of the accident was that carbon monoxide in the reactor returned to the pulp mixing pit through the newly installed slurry conveying pipe, and continued to accumulate, resulting in suffocation of the pump operator。Subsequently, without taking any safety protection measures, many people went down to the pit to rescue, and suffocation occurred one after another。
Yulin City, Shaanxi province "12•7" liquefied natural gas leak accident
On December 7, 2013, a liquefied natural gas (LNG) leak occurred at an LNG filling station under construction in Shangyanwan Town, Yuyang District, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, resulting in four deaths。The direct cause of the accident is: a lucky car through the pipeline to the gas storage tank of the gas station, liquefied natural gas leakage (suspected to be due to the loose valve in the gas storage tank), before and after 7 people in the case of not taking any protective measures into the tank to try to repair, 4 of them suffocated。
Beijing Guangzhongyuan Gas company "12•14" deflagration accident
On December 14, 2009, a deflagration accident occurred in the carbon black water storage tank area of Beijing Guangzhongyuan Gas Co., LTD., resulting in three deaths。The direct cause of the accident is that during the construction of the company's carbon black water air cooler transformation project, workers used gas cutting to transport carbon black water pipes, igniting flammable and explosive gases in the carbon black water tank, resulting in the explosion of the carbon black water tank。Before the accident, there was still some carbon black water in the accident tank, and a small amount of syngas was dissolved and gathered in the upper part of the tank for a long time to form an explosive mixture with the air。
2. Foreign accidents
"12•3" methyl isocyanate leak in Bhopal, India
In the early morning of December 3, 1984, a methyl isocyanate leak occurred at the Indian Union Carbide Company's pesticide plant in Bhopal, the capital of Madhya Pradesh, India, resulting in a total of 6,495 deaths and 12 deaths.Fifty thousand people were poisoned and fifty thousand people suffered for life, which was a tragedy unparalleled in the industrial history of the world。The accident was due to exothermic reaction caused by water entering methyl isocyanate (MIC) tank, which was accelerated by iron ion catalysis。As the exothermic reaction continued, the temperature in the tank rose sharply, resulting in extreme pressure in the tank, causing the explosion protection film to break, the safety valve to open, leaking a large amount of highly toxic methyl isocyanate, while the factory's emergency protection measures failed, methyl isocyanate and its reactants covered part of the city。Since the accident occurred at night, many people were not able to escape and were poisoned。
Japan Arakawa chemical Industry Fuji plant explosion accident
On the morning of December 1, 2017, an explosion occurred at the Fuji plant of Arakawa Chemical Industry in Atsuhara, Fuji-city, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, killing one person and injuring 14 others, three of them seriously。
The explosion occurred in a building on the north side of the plant。Arakawa Chemical Industrial Plant mainly produces chemicals for paper making, resins for printing inks, resins for adhesives/adhesives, intermediates for electronic materials and other products。Firefighters said that at the time, there was a flammable liquid used as a raw material for printing paint in the factory, red flames were visible inside the factory building, and part of the external wall was blown away by the blast wave。
Toxic gas leak at Excel Industries in India
On December 17, 2015, the chemical plant of Excel Industries Company in Roha city, Maharashtra, India, a toxic gas sulfur dioxide leak, resulting in one death and four people were hospitalized。Excel Industries produces agrochemicals。The main cause of the accident: workers accidentally damaged a pipeline transporting gas materials at the plant while inspecting a water pipe。
Explosion at T2 Lab in Jacksonville, USA
On December 9, 2007, a fire and explosion occurred at T2 Laboratory in Jacksonville, Florida, USA, killing four people and injuring 32。The accident occurred when one of the company's methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MCMT) reactors exploded, sending debris flying as far as a mile。After the accident, the explosion was estimated to be equivalent to 0.64 tons of TNT。After CSB investigation, the direct cause of the accident was that the cooling system adopted by the enterprise was prone to single point of failure due to the lack of design redundancy。The MCMT reactor decompression system cannot relieve the pressure of uncontrolled reactions。
Bunsfield oil depot fire in the United Kingdom
On December 11, 2005, a fire accident occurred at the Bunsfield oil depot in the United Kingdom, which was the largest fire and explosion accident in Europe so far, burning more than 20 large oil storage tanks, injuring 43 people, and causing no deaths and direct economic losses.500 million pounds。The immediate cause of the accident was the failure of the automatic measurement system of tank 912，When the tank is full，The gauge stops at 2/3 of the tank level，Alarm system failed to activate，The high level interlock also failed to automatically open and cut off the oil inlet valve，Causing oil to spill from the tank roof，The spilled oil evaporates to form a vapor cloud，It explodes and catches fire in case of open fire。
